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A theorem in set theory stating that, for all sets A and B, the following equivalences hold, A subset B<=>A intersection B=A<=>A union B=B.

A polynomial P(x) that, when evaluated over each x in the domain of definition, results in the same value. The simplest example is P(x)=c for x in R and c a constant.

A function f(x) is said to be constructible if some algorithm F computes it, in binary, within volume O(f(x)), i.e., V_(F(x))=O(f(x)). Here, the volume V_(A(x)) is the ...

A formal argument in logic in which it is stated that (1) P=>Q and R=>S (where => means "implies"), and (2) either P or R is true, from which two statements it follows that ...

The contact angle between a sphere and a tangent plane is the angle alpha between the normal to the sphere at the point of tangency and the basal plane with respect to which ...

A partition p is said to contain another partition q if the Ferrers diagram of p contains the Ferrers diagram of q. For example, {3,3,2} (left figure) contains both {3,3,1} ...

A subset tau in S_n of a permutation {1,...,n} is said to contain alpha in S_k if there exist 1<=i_1<...<i_k<=n such that tau=(tau_i,...,tau_k) is order isomorphic to ...

A sentence is called a contingency if its truth table contains at least one 'T' and at least one 'F.'

For a simple continued fraction x=[a_0,a_1,...] with convergents p_n/q_n, the fundamental recurrence relation is given by p_nq_(n-1)-p_(n-1)q_n=(-1)^(n+1).

f(x)=1/x-|_1/x_| for x in [0,1], where |_x_| is the floor function. The natural invariant of the map is rho(y)=1/((1+y)ln2).