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In random number computation, a seed is an initial number used as the starting point in a random number generating algorithm. In a dynamical system, a seed is a starting ...

A positive integer n is kth powerfree if there is no number d such that d^k|n (d^k divides n), i.e., there are no kth powers or higher in the prime factorization of n. A ...

The number of poles of an automorphic function in the closure of its fundamental region.

The determination of the number of alternating permutations having elements {1,2,...,n}.

A shuffling algorithm used in a class of random number generators.

A number D that possesses no common divisor with a prime number p is either a quadratic residue or nonresidue of p, depending whether D^((p-1)/2) is congruent mod p to +/-1.

A set partition of a set S is a collection of disjoint subsets of S whose union is S. The number of partitions of the set {k}_(k=1)^n is called a Bell number.

Elementary methods consist of arithmetic, geometry, and high school algebra. These are the only tools that may be used in the branch of number theory known as elementary ...

A circle-preserving transformation composed of an odd number of inversions.

A base-60, or sexagesimal, number system, used by the ancient Babylonians.