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The number p in a fraction p/q, i.e., the dividend.

The number of empty neighbors of a cluster.

An additive function is an arithmetic function such that whenever positive integers a and b are relatively prime, f(ab)=f(a)+f(b). An example of an additive function is ...

The Möbius function is a number theoretic function defined by mu(n)={0 if n has one or more repeated prime factors; 1 if n=1; (-1)^k if n is a product of k distinct primes, ...

The word "algebra" is a distortion of the Arabic title of a treatise by al-Khwārizmī about algebraic methods. In modern usage, algebra has several meanings. One use of the ...

The chromatic polynomial pi_G(z) of an undirected graph G, also denoted C(G;z) (Biggs 1973, p. 106) and P(G,x) (Godsil and Royle 2001, p. 358), is a polynomial which encodes ...

The number q in a star polygon {p/q}.

The product of any number of perspectivities.

A ring homomorphism is a map f:R->S between two rings such that 1. Addition is preserved:f(r_1+r_2)=f(r_1)+f(r_2), 2. The zero element is mapped to zero: f(0_R)=0_S, and 3. ...

There are at least two distinct notions known as the Whitehead group. Given an associative ring A with unit, the Whitehead group associated to A is the commutative quotient ...