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An operator of period 2, i.e., an operator * which satisfies ((a)^*)^*=a.

A relation R on a set S is irreflexive provided that no element is related to itself; in other words, xRx for no x in S.

The problem of deciding if two knots in three-space are equivalent such that one can be continuously deformed into another.

A knot diagram which does not specify whether crossings are under- or overcrossings.

S_n=sum_(i)eta_imu(E_i), where mu(E_i) is the measure of the set E_i of points on the x-axis for which f(x) approx eta_i.

An operator L^~ is said to be linear if, for every pair of functions f and g and scalar t, L^~(f+g)=L^~f+L^~g and L^~(tf)=tL^~f.

A set considered together with the sigma-algebra on the set.

An element B of a ring is nilpotent if there exists a positive integer k for which B^k=0.

Sampling at the Nyquist frequency.

A mathematical structure (e.g., a group, vector space, or smooth manifold) in a category.