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A multiplicative character is called unitary if it has absolute value 1 everywhere.

The length of a number n in base b is the number of digits in the base-b numeral for n, given by the formula L(n,b)=|_log_b(n)_|+1, where |_x_| is the floor function. The ...

A formal mathematical theory which introduces "components at infinity" by defining a new type of divisor class group of integers of a number field. The divisor class group is ...

Coding theory, sometimes called algebraic coding theory, deals with the design of error-correcting codes for the reliable transmission of information across noisy channels. ...

The theory of classifying problems based on how difficult they are to solve. A problem is assigned to the P-problem (polynomial-time) class if the number of steps needed to ...

The branch of mathematics which formalizes a number of algebraic properties of collections of transformations between mathematical objects (such as binary relations, groups, ...

The mathematical study of abstract computing machines (especially Turing machines) and the analysis of algorithms used by such machines. A connection between automata theory ...

The mathematical study of knots. Knot theory considers questions such as the following: 1. Given a tangled loop of string, is it really knotted or can it, with enough ...

Set theory is the mathematical theory of sets. Set theory is closely associated with the branch of mathematics known as logic. There are a number of different versions of set ...

The mathematical study of combinatorial objects in which a certain degree of order must occur as the scale of the object becomes large. Ramsey theory is named after Frank ...