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The unit of solid angle. The solid angle corresponding to all of space being subtended is 4pi steradians.

The order-n dipole graph D_n is a multigraph consisting of two vertices and n multiple edges joining them. The dipole graph D_2 is a multigraph that can be considered to ...

A loop of an graph is degenerate edge that joins a vertex to itself, also called a self-loop. A simple graph cannot contain any loops, but a pseudograph can contain both ...

Multivariable calculus is the branch of calculus that studies functions of more than one variable. Partial derivatives and multiple integrals are the generalizations of ...

A triple integral is a three-fold multiple integral of the form intintintf(x,y,z)dxdydz. Triple integrals arise in evaluating quantities such as the mass, volume, moment, ...

The expectation value of a function f(x) in a variable x is denoted <f(x)> or E{f(x)}. For a single discrete variable, it is defined by <f(x)>=sum_(x)f(x)P(x), (1) where P(x) ...

A repeated integral is an integral taken multiple times over a single variable (as distinguished from a multiple integral, which consists of a number of integrals taken with ...

A separable extension K of a field F is one in which every element's algebraic number minimal polynomial does not have multiple roots. In other words, the minimal polynomial ...

The azimuthal angle is an angle measured from the x-axis in the xy-plane in spherical coordinates, denoted theta in this work.

The polar angle on a sphere measured from the north pole instead of the equator. The angle phi in spherical coordinates is the colatitude. It is related to the latitude delta ...