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A sequent is an expression Gamma|-Lambda, where Gamma and Lambda are (possibly empty) sequences of formulas. Here, Gamma is called the antecedent and Lambda is called the ...

A state diagram is a labeled directed graph together with state information that can be used to indicate that certain paths on in a system may be traversed only in a certain ...

A topological space, also called an abstract topological space, is a set X together with a collection of open subsets T that satisfies the four conditions: 1. The empty set ...

The simple process of voting leads to surprisingly counterintuitive paradoxes. For example, if three people vote for three candidates, giving the rankings A, B, C; B, C, A; ...

A set of m distinct positive integers S={a_1,...,a_m} satisfies the Diophantus property D(n) of order n (a positive integer) if, for all i,j=1, ..., m with i!=j, ...

The Euler-Lagrange differential equation is the fundamental equation of calculus of variations. It states that if J is defined by an integral of the form J=intf(t,y,y^.)dt, ...

A Diophantine problem (i.e., one whose solution must be given in terms of integers) which seeks a solution to the following problem. Given n men and a pile of coconuts, each ...

A multiway system is a kind of substitution system in which multiple states are permitted at any stage. This accommodates rule systems in which there is more than one ...

The star polygon {8/3}.

The three 3-polyiamonds are called tetriamonds.