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The 2-cusped epicycloid is called a nephroid. The name nephroid means "kidney shaped" and was first used for the two-cusped epicycloid by Proctor in 1878 (MacTutor Archive). ...

Orthogonal circles are orthogonal curves, i.e., they cut one another at right angles. By the Pythagorean theorem, two circles of radii r_1 and r_2 whose centers are a ...

The pentagram, also called the five-point star, pentacle, pentalpha, or pentangle, is the star polygon {5/2}. It is a pagan religious symbol that is one of the oldest symbols ...

pi may be computed using a number of iterative algorithms. The best known such algorithms are the Archimedes algorithm, which was derived by Pfaff in 1800, and the ...

The Poincaré hyperbolic disk is a two-dimensional space having hyperbolic geometry defined as the disk {x in R^2:|x|<1}, with hyperbolic metric ...

The polar coordinates r (the radial coordinate) and theta (the angular coordinate, often called the polar angle) are defined in terms of Cartesian coordinates by x = ...

The word polytope is used to mean a number of related, but slightly different mathematical objects. A convex polytope may be defined as the convex hull of a finite set of ...

A primitive polynomial is a polynomial that generates all elements of an extension field from a base field. Primitive polynomials are also irreducible polynomials. For any ...

The pseudosphere is the constant negative-Gaussian curvature surface of revolution generated by a tractrix about its asymptote. It is sometimes also called the tractroid, ...

The rank polynomial R(x,y) of a general graph G is the function defined by R(x,y)=sum_(S subset= E(G))x^(r(S))y^(s(S)), (1) where the sum is taken over all subgraphs (i.e., ...