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A set of residues {a_1,a_2,...,a_(k+1)} (mod n) such that every nonzero residue can be uniquely expressed in the form a_i-a_j. Examples include {1,2,4} (mod 7) and {1,2,5,7} ...

An algebra <L; ^ , v > is called a lattice if L is a nonempty set, ^ and v are binary operations on L, both ^ and v are idempotent, commutative, and associative, and they ...

The term "parameter" is used in a number of ways in mathematics. In general, mathematical functions may have a number of arguments. Arguments that are typically varied when ...

Szemerédi's theorem states that every sequence of integers that has positive upper Banach density contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. A corollary states that, ...

An abnormal number is a hypothetical number which can be factored into primes in more than one way. Hardy and Wright (1979) prove the fundamental theorem of arithmetic by ...

A quantity to be added to another, also called a summand. For example, in the expression a+b+c, a, b, and c are all addends. The first of several addends, or "the one to ...

A formal mathematical theory which introduces "components at infinity" by defining a new type of divisor class group of integers of a number field. The divisor class group is ...

Arnauld's paradox states that if negative numbers exist, then (-1)/1 must equal 1/(-1), which asserts that the ratio of a smaller to a larger quantity equals the ratio of the ...

1 calcus=1/(2304).

Given an arithmetic series {a_1,a_1+d,a_1+2d,...}, the number d is called the common difference associated to the sequence.