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A double integral over three coordinates giving the area within some region R, A=intint_(R)dxdy. If a plane curve is given by y=f(x), then the area between the curve and the ...

The azimuthal angle is an angle measured from the x-axis in the xy-plane in spherical coordinates, denoted theta in this work.

A convergence test also called "de Morgan's and Bertrand's test." If the ratio of terms of a series {a_n}_(n=1)^infty can be written in the form ...

If a function phi:(0,infty)->(0,infty) satisfies 1. ln[phi(x)] is convex, 2. phi(x+1)=xphi(x) for all x>0, and 3. phi(1)=1, then phi(x) is the gamma function Gamma(x). ...

A quartic curve with implicit equation (a^2)/(x^2)-(b^2)/(y^2)=1 (1) or a^2y^2-b^2x^2=x^2y^2 (2) and a,b>0. In parametric form, x = +/-acost (3) y = bcott. (4) The curvature ...

The catacaustic of a cardioid for a radiant point along the x-axis is complicated function of x. For x=0 (i.e., with radiant point at the cusp), however, the catacaustic for ...

The pedal curve of the cissoid, when the pedal point is on the axis beyond the asymptote at a distance from the cusp which is four times that of the asymptote is a cardioid.

A coaxal system is a system of coaxal circles. A spectacular example is the set of circles (circumcircle, nine-point circle, orthocentroidal circle, orthoptic circle of the ...

A transformation of the plane which transforms collinear points into collinear points. A projective collineation transforms every one-dimensional form projectively, and a ...

The contact angle between a sphere and a tangent plane is the angle alpha between the normal to the sphere at the point of tangency and the basal plane with respect to which ...