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Inversion is the process of transforming points P to a corresponding set of points P^' known as their inverse points. Two points P and P^' are said to be inverses with ...

A roulette is a curve traced by a fixed point on a closed convex curve as that curve rolls without slipping along a second curve. The roulettes described by the foci of ...

A statistical distribution for which the variables may take on a continuous range of values. Abramowitz and Stegun (1972, p. 930) give a table of the parameters of most ...

The distribution with probability density function and distribution function P(r) = (re^(-r^2/(2s^2)))/(s^2) (1) D(r) = 1-e^(-r^2/(2s^2)) (2) for r in [0,infty) and parameter ...

Sigma is the eighteenth letter of the ancient Greek alphabet. As an upper case letter (Sigma), it is used as a symbol for sums and series. As a lower case letter (sigma) it ...

Conditions at an initial time t=t_0 from which a given set of mathematical equations or physical system evolves. A system with initial conditions specified is known as an ...

The "kurtosis excess" (Kenney and Keeping 1951, p. 27) is defined in terms of the usual kurtosis by gamma_2 = beta_2-3 (1) = (mu_4)/(mu_2^2)-3. (2) It is commonly denoted ...

The mean deviation (also called the mean absolute deviation) is the mean of the absolute deviations of a set of data about the data's mean. For a sample size N, the mean ...

Skewness is a measure of the degree of asymmetry of a distribution. If the left tail (tail at small end of the distribution) is more pronounced than the right tail (tail at ...

The system of partial differential equations u_(xx)-u_(yy)+/-sinucosu+(cosu)/(sin^3u)(v_x^2-v_y^2)=0 (v_xcot^2u)_x=(v_ycot^2u)_y.