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All the propositions in projective geometry occur in dual pairs which have the property that, starting from either proposition of a pair, the other can be immediately ...

The set of terms of first-order logic (also known as first-order predicate calculus) is defined by the following rules: 1. A variable is a term. 2. If f is an n-place ...

An arithmetic progression, also known as an arithmetic sequence, is a sequence of n numbers {a_0+kd}_(k=0)^(n-1) such that the differences between successive terms is a ...

A transformation in which coordinates in two spaces are expressed rationally in terms of those in another.

Erdős proved that there exist at least one prime of the form 4k+1 and at least one prime of the form 4k+3 between n and 2n for all n>6.

The conditional probability of an event A assuming that B has occurred, denoted P(A|B), equals P(A|B)=(P(A intersection B))/(P(B)), (1) which can be proven directly using a ...

The absence of contradiction (i.e., the ability to prove that a statement and its negative are both true) in an Axiomatic system is known as consistency.

The slicing of a three-dimensional object by a plane (or more general slice).

The divergence of a vector field F, denoted div(F) or del ·F (the notation used in this work), is defined by a limit of the surface integral del ·F=lim_(V->0)(∮_SF·da)/V (1) ...

A proof which can be accomplished using only real numbers (i.e., real analysis instead of complex analysis; Hoffman 1998, pp. 92-93).