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Hansen's problem is a problem in surveying described as follows. From the position of two known but inaccessible points A and B, determine the position of two unknown ...

Let A be a C^*-algebra. A C^*-subalgebra (that is a closed *-subalgebra) B of A is called hereditary if bab^' in B for all b,b^' in B and a in A, or equivalently if for a in ...

A Hermitian inner product space is a complex vector space with a Hermitian inner product.

The Diophantine equation x_1^2+x_2^2+...+x_n^2=ax_1x_2...x_n which has no integer solutions for a>n.

The identity element I (also denoted E, e, or 1) of a group or related mathematical structure S is the unique element such that Ia=aI=a for every element a in S. The symbol ...

Interest is a fee (or payment) made for the borrowing (or lending) of money. The two most common types of interest are simple interest, for which interest is paid only on the ...

The illusion shown above which was discovered by Helmholtz in the 19th century. Despite the fact that the two above figures are identical in size, the white hole looks bigger ...

A submodule N of a module M that is not the intersection of two submodules of M in which it is properly contained. In other words, for all submodules N_1 and N_2 of M, N=N_1 ...

Q_n^((alpha,beta))(x)=2^(-n-1)(x-1)^(-alpha)(x+1)^(-beta) ×int_(-1)^1(1-t)^(n+alpha)(1+t)^(n+beta)(x-t)^(-n-1)dt. In the exceptional case n=0, alpha+beta+1=0, a nonconstant ...

A lag system, introduced by Wang (1963), is a sort of opposite to a tag system. Lag systems allow dependence on more than just the first element, but remove only the first ...