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The binomial distribution gives the discrete probability distribution P_p(n|N) of obtaining exactly n successes out of N Bernoulli trials (where the result of each Bernoulli ...

Let n be a positive number having primitive roots. If g is a primitive root of n, then the numbers 1, g, g^2, ..., g^(phi(n)-1) form a reduced residue system modulo n, where ...

Stirling's approximation gives an approximate value for the factorial function n! or the gamma function Gamma(n) for n>>1. The approximation can most simply be derived for n ...

The Grassmannian Gr(n,k) is the set of k-dimensional subspaces in an n-dimensional vector space. For example, the set of lines Gr(n+1,1) is projective space. The real ...

A Hermitian inner product on a complex vector space V is a complex-valued bilinear form on V which is antilinear in the second slot, and is positive definite. That is, it ...

Given a homogeneous linear second-order ordinary differential equation, y^('')+P(x)y^'+Q(x)y=0, (1) call the two linearly independent solutions y_1(x) and y_2(x). Then ...

The combining of two or more quantities using the plus operator. The individual numbers being combined are called addends, and the total is called the sum. The first of ...

Bisection is the division of a given curve, figure, or interval into two equal parts (halves). A simple bisection procedure for iteratively converging on a solution which is ...

Scan the decimal expansion of a constant (including any digits to the left of the decimal point) until all n-digit strings have been seen (including 0-padded strings). The ...

Engineering notation is a version of scientific notation in which the exponent p in expressions of the form a×10^p is chosen to always be divisible by 3. Numbers of forms ...