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Chained arrow notation is a notation which generalizes the Knuth up-arrow notation and is defined as a^...^b_()_(c)=a->b->c.

A change of coordinates matrix, also called a transition matrix, specifies the transformation from one vector basis to another under a change of basis. For example, if ...

The equation f(x_n|x_s)=int_(-infty)^inftyf(x_n|x_r)f(x_r|x_s)dx_r which gives the transitional densities of a Markov sequence. Here, n>r>s are any integers (Papoulis 1984, ...

If a one-parameter family of curves has index N and class M, the number tangent to a curve of order n_1 and class m_1 in general position is m_1N+n_1M.

In 1891, Chebyshev and Sylvester showed that for sufficiently large x, there exists at least one prime number p satisfying x<p<(1+alpha)x, where alpha=0.092.... Since the ...

int_a^bf_1(x)dxint_a^bf_2(x)dx...int_a^bf_n(x)dx <=(b-a)^(n-1)int_a^bf_1(x)f_2(x)...f_n(x)dx, where f_1, f_2, ..., f_n are nonnegative integrable functions on [a,b] which are ...

If a_1>=a_2>=...>=a_n (1) b_1>=b_2>=...>=b_n, (2) then nsum_(k=1)^na_kb_k>=(sum_(k=1)^na_k)(sum_(k=1)^nb_k). (3) This is true for any distribution.

Consider the set of compact n-Riemannian manifolds M with diameter(M)<=d, Volume(M)>=V, and |K|<=kappa where kappa is the sectional curvature. Then there is a bound on the ...

sum_(k=0)^m(phi_k(x)phi_k(y))/(gamma_k)=(phi_(m+1)(x)phi_m(y)-phi_m(x)phi_(m+1)(y))/(a_mgamma_m(x-y),) (1) where phi_k(x) are orthogonal polynomials with weighting function ...

An ellipse intersects a circle in 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 points. The points of intersection of a circle of center (x_0,y_0) and radius r with an ellipse of semi-major and ...