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In the Minkowski space of special relativity, a four-vector is a four-element vector x^mu=(x^0,x^1,x^2,x^3) that transforms under a Lorentz transformation like the position ...

The free module of rank n over a nonzero unit ring R, usually denoted R^n, is the set of all sequences {a_1,a_2,...,a_n} that can be formed by picking n (not necessarily ...

Define the abundancy Sigma(n) of a positive integer n as Sigma(n)=(sigma(n))/n, (1) where sigma(n) is the divisor function. Then a pair of distinct numbers (k,m) is a ...

The Frucht graph is smallest cubic identity graph (Skiena 1990, p. 185). It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as GraphData["FruchtGraph"]. It has 12 vertices and 18 ...

Fuglede (1974) conjectured that a domain Omega admits an operator spectrum iff it is possible to tile R^d by a family of translates of Omega. Fuglede proved the conjecture in ...

The Fuhrmann triangle of a reference triangle DeltaABC is the triangle DeltaF_CF_BF_A formed by reflecting the mid-arc points arcM_A, arcM_B, arcM_C about the lines AB, AC, ...

A genetic algorithm is a class of adaptive stochastic optimization algorithms involving search and optimization. Genetic algorithms were first used by Holland (1975). The ...

A geodesic is a locally length-minimizing curve. Equivalently, it is a path that a particle which is not accelerating would follow. In the plane, the geodesics are straight ...

A geodesic dome is a triangulation of a Platonic solid or other polyhedron to produce a close approximation to a sphere (or hemisphere). The nth order geodesation operation ...

The geometric distribution is a discrete distribution for n=0, 1, 2, ... having probability density function P(n) = p(1-p)^n (1) = pq^n, (2) where 0<p<1, q=1-p, and ...