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The azimuthal coordinate on the surface of a sphere (theta in spherical coordinates) or on a spheroid (in prolate or oblate spheroidal coordinates). Longitude is defined such ...

Data resulting from the observation of a population on a number of variables over time. Whenever observations are made more than once, the data is considered to be ...

A Lorentz tensor is any quantity which transforms like a tensor under the homogeneous Lorentz transformation.

The system of ordinary differential equations X^. = sigma(Y-X) (1) Y^. = rX-Y-XZ (2) Z^. = XY-bZ. (3)

The integral transform (Kf)(x)=int_0^infty((x-t)_+^(c-1))/(Gamma(c))_2F_1(a,b;c;1-t/x)f(t)dt, where Gamma(x) is the gamma function, _2F_1(a,b;c;z) is a hypergeometric ...

The limit of a lower sum, when it exists, as the mesh size approaches 0.

Let the least term h of a sequence be a term which is smaller than all but a finite number of the terms which are equal to h. Then h is called the lower limit of the ...

For a given function f(x) over a partition of a given interval, the lower sum is the sum of box areas m^*Deltax_k using the infimum m of the function f(x) in each subinterval ...

An equilateral parallelogram whose acute angles are 45 degrees. Sometimes, the restriction to 45 degrees is dropped, and it is required only that two opposite angles are ...

A method for constructing magic squares of odd order.