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Euler (1772ab) conjectured that there are no positive integer solutions to the quartic Diophantine equation A^4=B^4+C^4+D^4. This conjecture was disproved by Elkies (1988), ...

A rational number expressed in the form a/b (in-line notation) or a/b (traditional "display" notation), where a is called the numerator and b is called the denominator. When ...

The geometric mean of a sequence {a_i}_(i=1)^n is defined by G(a_1,...,a_n)=(product_(i=1)^na_i)^(1/n). (1) Thus, G(a_1,a_2) = sqrt(a_1a_2) (2) G(a_1,a_2,a_3) = ...

A geometric series sum_(k)a_k is a series for which the ratio of each two consecutive terms a_(k+1)/a_k is a constant function of the summation index k. The more general case ...

The harmonic mean H(x_1,...,x_n) of n numbers x_i (where i=1, ..., n) is the number H defined by 1/H=1/nsum_(i=1)^n1/(x_i). (1) The harmonic mean of a list of numbers may be ...

A hyperboloid is a quadratic surface which may be one- or two-sheeted. The one-sheeted hyperboloid is a surface of revolution obtained by rotating a hyperbola about the ...

A mathematical statement that one quantity is greater than or less than another. "a is less than b" is denoted a<b, and "a is greater than b" is denoted a>b. "a is less than ...

"Jabulani polyhedron" is a term introduced here to refer to the polyhedron illustrated above which underlies the shape of the soccer ball used in the 2010 World Cup in South ...

Laguerre-Gauss quadrature, also called Gauss-Laguerre quadrature or Laguerre quadrature, is a Gaussian quadrature over the interval [0,infty) with weighting function ...

A grand unified theory of mathematics which includes the search for a generalization of Artin reciprocity (known as Langlands reciprocity) to non-Abelian Galois extensions of ...