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A technical mathematical object defined in terms of a polynomial ring of n variables over a field k. Syzygies occur in tensors at rank 5, 7, 8, and all higher ranks, and play ...

A region in a knot or link projection plane surrounded by a circle such that the knot or link crosses the circle exactly four times. Two tangles are equivalent if a sequence ...

Take any triangle with polygon vertices A, B, and C. Pick a point A_1 on the side opposite A, and draw a line parallel to BC. Upon reaching the side AC at B_1, draw the line ...

The number of colors sufficient for map coloring on a surface of genus g is given by the Heawood conjecture, chi(g)=|_1/2(7+sqrt(48g+1))_|, where |_x_| is the floor function. ...

A transformation T (a.k.a., map, function) over a domain D takes the elements X in D to elements Y in T(D), where the range (a.k.a., image) of T is defined as ...

A trapezoid is a quadrilateral with two sides parallel. The trapezoid is equivalent to the British definition of trapezium (Bronshtein and Semendyayev 1977, p. 174). An ...

A hyperboloid is a quadratic surface which may be one- or two-sheeted. The two-sheeted hyperboloid is a surface of revolution obtained by rotating a hyperbola about the line ...

A paradox also known as the surprise examination paradox or prediction paradox. A prisoner is told that he will be hanged on some day between Monday and Friday, but that he ...

The distribution for the sum X_1+X_2+...+X_n of n uniform variates on the interval [0,1] can be found directly as (1) where delta(x) is a delta function. A more elegant ...

If ABB^' and AC^'C are straight lines with BC and B^'C^' intersecting at D and AB+BD=AC^'+C^'D, then AB^'+B^'D=AC+CD. The origin and some history of this theorem are ...