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Conformal latitude is defined by chi = 2tan^(-1){tan(1/4pi+1/2phi)[(1-esinphi)/(1+esinphi)]^(e/2)}-1/2pi (1) = ...

Given two topological spaces M and N, place an equivalence relationship on the continuous maps f:M->N using homotopies, and write f_1∼f_2 if f_1 is homotopic to f_2. Roughly ...

The tensor product between modules A and B is a more general notion than the vector space tensor product. In this case, we replace "scalars" by a ring R. The familiar ...

Let f be analytic on the unit disk, and assume that 1. |f(z)|<=1 for all z, and 2. f(a)=b for some a,b in D(0,1), the unit disk. Then |f^'(a)|<=(1-|b|^2)/(1-|a|^2). (1) ...

An affine geometry is a geometry in which properties are preserved by parallel projection from one plane to another. In an affine geometry, the third and fourth of Euclid's ...

An algebraic manifold is another name for a smooth algebraic variety. It can be covered by coordinate charts so that the transition functions are given by rational functions. ...

A braid index is the least number of strings needed to make a closed braid representation of a link. The braid index is equal to the least number of Seifert circles in any ...

The least number of unknotted arcs lying above the plane in any projection. The knot 05-002 has bridge number 2. Such knots are called 2-bridge knots. There is a one-to-one ...

The Cairo tessellation is a tessellation appearing in the streets of Cairo and in many Islamic decorations. Its tiles are obtained by projection of a dodecahedron, and it is ...

The product of a family {X_i}_(i in I) of objects of a category is an object P=product_(i in I)X_i, together with a family of morphisms {p_i:P->X_i}_(i in I) such that for ...