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Write down the positive integers in row one, cross out every k_1th number, and write the partial sums of the remaining numbers in the row below. Now cross off every k_2th ...

A monoid is a set that is closed under an associative binary operation and has an identity element I in S such that for all a in S, Ia=aI=a. Note that unlike a group, its ...

A monotonic matrix of order n is an n×n matrix in which every element is either 0 or contains a number from the set {1,...,n} subject to the conditions 1. The filled-in ...

If f(z) is continuous in a region D and satisfies ∮_gammafdz=0 for all closed contours gamma in D, then f(z) is analytic in D. Morera's theorem does not require simple ...

An algebraic loop L is a Moufang loop if all triples of elements x, y, and z in L satisfy the Moufang identities, i.e., if 1. z(x(zy))=((zx)z)y, 2. x(z(yz))=((xz)y)z, 3. ...

An optical illusion in which the orientation of arrowheads makes one line segment look longer than another. In the above figure, the line segments on the left and right are ...

An N-cluster is a point lattice configuration in which the distance between every pair of points is an integer, no three points are collinear, and no four points are ...

Let F,G:C->D be functors between categories C and D. A natural transformation Phi from F to G consists of a family Phi_C:F(C)->G(C) of morphisms in D which are indexed by the ...

The primes nearest to the nonnegative integers n=0, 1, 2, ..., assigning ties to the smaller prime, are 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 7, 7, 7, 11, 11, 11, 13, ... (OEIS A051697). If ...

Let C be an error-correcting code consisting of N codewords in which each codeword consists of n letters taken from an alphabet A of length q, and every two distinct ...