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A generalization of Ramsey theory to mathematical objects in which one would not normally expect structure to be found. For example, there exists a graph with very few ...

A constant sometimes called Varga's constant is defined by V=1/Lambda=9.2890254919... (OEIS A073007), where Lambda is the one-ninth constant.

If Y_i have normal independent distributions with mean 0 and variance 1, then chi^2=sum_(i=1)^rY_i^2 (1) is distributed as chi^2 with r degrees of freedom. This makes a chi^2 ...

The difference between a quantity and its estimated or measured quantity.

Let S be partitioned into r×s disjoint sets E_i and F_j where the general subset is denoted E_i intersection F_j. Then the marginal probability of E_i is ...

A codimension one foliation F of a 3-manifold M is said to be taut if for every leaf lambda in the leaf space L of F, there is a circle gamma_lambda transverse to F (i.e., a ...

A complete graph is a graph in which each pair of graph vertices is connected by an edge. The complete graph with n graph vertices is denoted K_n and has (n; 2)=n(n-1)/2 (the ...

A special case of the quadratic Diophantine equation having the form x^2-Dy^2=1, (1) where D>0 is a nonsquare natural number (Dickson 2005). The equation x^2-Dy^2=+/-4 (2) ...

If an n-sided Poncelet transverse constructed for two given conic sections is closed for one point of origin, it is closed for any position of the point of origin. ...

A type of point at infinity in which parallel lines in the hyperbolic plane intersect at infinity in one direction, while diverging from one another in the other.