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Let suma_k and sumb_k be two series with positive terms and suppose lim_(k->infty)(a_k)/(b_k)=rho. If rho is finite and rho>0, then the two series both converge or diverge.

The radical circle of the Lucas circles is the circumcircle of the Lucas tangents triangle. Its center has trilinear center function alpha_(1151)=2cosA+sinA (1) corresponding ...

Let the probabilities of various classes in a distribution be p_1, p_2, ..., p_k, with observed frequencies m_1, m_2, ..., m_k. The quantity ...

Let {a_n} be a series of positive terms with a_(n+1)<=a_n. Then sum_(n=1)^(infty)a_n converges iff sum_(k=0)^infty2^ka_(2^k) converges.

A pseudoprime is a composite number that passes a test or sequence of tests that fail for most composite numbers. Unfortunately, some authors drop the "composite" ...

Let p be an odd prime, k be an integer such that pk and 1<=k<=2(p+1), and N=2kp+1. Then the following are equivalent 1. N is prime. 2. There exists an a such that ...

The converse of Fermat's little theorem is also known as Lehmer's theorem. It states that, if an integer x is prime to m and x^(m-1)=1 (mod m) and there is no integer e<m-1 ...

D = f_(xx)f_(yy)-f_(xy)f_(yx) (1) = f_(xx)f_(yy)-f_(xy)^2, (2) where f_(ij) are partial derivatives.

A test to determine if a given series converges or diverges.

Let {u_n(x)} be a sequence of functions. If 1. u_n(x) can be written u_n(x)=a_nf_n(x), 2. suma_n is convergent, 3. f_n(x) is a monotonic decreasing sequence (i.e., ...