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Given a matrix equation Ax=b, the normal equation is that which minimizes the sum of the square differences between the left and right sides: A^(T)Ax=A^(T)b. It is called a ...

A normal extension is the splitting field for a collection of polynomials. In the case of a finite algebraic extension, only one polynomial is necessary.

A square integrable function phi(t) is said to be normal if int[phi(t)]^2dt=1. However, the normal distribution function is also sometimes called "the normal function."

Given a convex plane region with area A and perimeter p, A-1/2p<N<=A+1/2p+1, where N is the number of enclosed lattice points (Nosarzewska 1948). This improves on Jarnick's ...

g_(ij)=[0 1 0 0; 1 0 0 0; 0 0 0 -1; 0 0 -1 0]. It can be expressed as g_(ab)=l_an_b+l_bn_a-m_am^__b-m_bm^__a.

There are a number of attractive polyhedron compounds consisting of 12 octahedra. This compound will be implemented in a future version of the Wolfram Language as ...

An odd chordless cycle is a chordless cycle of length >4. A graph is said to be perfect iff neither the graph G nor its graph complement G^_ has an odd chordless cycle. A ...

An expression that is of a given type. For example, all primes p>3 are "of the form" 6n+/-1. The term "of shape" is sometimes also used.

A collection of open sets of a topological space whose union contains a given subset. For example, an open cover of the real line, with respect to the Euclidean topology, is ...

A surface which is homeomorphic to a finite collection of spheres, each with a finite number of handles, cross-handles, cross-caps, and perforations. A preliminary version of ...