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Simpson's paradox, also known as the amalgamation paradox, reversal paradox, or Yule-Simpson effect, is a paradox in which a statistical trend appears to be present when data ...

Let A be some attribute (e.g., possible, present, perfect, etc.). If all is A, then the non-A must also be A. For example, "All is possible, the impossible too," and "Nothing ...

Sorites paradoxes are a class of paradoxical arguments also known as little-by-little arguments. The name "sorites" derives from the Greek word soros, meaning "pile" or ...

In nonstandard analysis, the limitation to first-order analysis can be avoided by using a construction known as a superstructure. Superstructures are constructed in the ...

Turing machines are defined by sets of rules that operate on four parameters: (state, tape cell color, operation, state). Let the states and tape cell colors be numbered and ...

A technical mathematical object which bears the same resemblance to binary relations as categories do to functions and sets.

A set which transforms via converse functions. Antisets usually arise in the context of Chu spaces.

Axiomatic set theory is a version of set theory in which axioms are taken as uninterpreted rather than as formalizations of pre-existing truths.

The cardinal number of any set is lower than the cardinal number of the set of all its subsets. A corollary is that there is no highest aleph (aleph).

sum_(k=0)^m(phi_k(x)phi_k(y))/(gamma_k)=(phi_(m+1)(x)phi_m(y)-phi_m(x)phi_(m+1)(y))/(a_mgamma_m(x-y),) (1) where phi_k(x) are orthogonal polynomials with weighting function ...