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A system in which a strange loop appears.

A lamp is turned on for 1/2 minute, off for 1/4 minute, on for 1/8 minute, etc. At the end of one minute, the lamp switch will have been moved aleph_0 times, where aleph_0 is ...

Not decidable as a result of being neither formally provable nor unprovable.

A reduction system is called confluent (or globally confluent) if, for all x, u, and w such that x->_*u and x->_*w, there exists a z such that u->_*z and w->_*z. A reduction ...

In mathematics, a formal language is normally defined by an alphabet and formation rules. The alphabet of a formal language is a set of symbols on which this language is ...

A grammar defining formal language L is a quadruple (N,T,R,S), where N is a finite set of nonterminals, T is a finite set of terminal symbols, R is a finite set of ...

Universal algebra studies common properties of all algebraic structures, including groups, rings, fields, lattices, etc. A universal algebra is a pair A=(A,(f_i^A)_(i in I)), ...

A function, or the symbol representing a function, which corresponds to English conjunctions such as "and," "or," "not," etc. that takes one or more truth values as input and ...

A recursively enumerable set A is creative if its complement is productive. Creative sets are not recursive. The property of creativeness coincides with completeness. Namely, ...

A version of the liar's paradox, attributed to the philosopher Epimenides in the sixth century BC. "All Cretans are liars... One of their own poets has said so." This is not ...