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Model theory is a general theory of interpretations of axiomatic set theory. It is the branch of logic studying mathematical structures by considering first-order sentences ...

The word "normal form" is used in a variety of different ways in mathematics. In general, it refers to a way of representing objects so that, although each may have many ...

An idealized computing machine consisting of a fixed set of data registers and set of instructions for operating on them. Register machines are also known as counter machines ...

Building on work of Huntington (1933ab), Robbins conjectured that the equations for a Robbins algebra, commutativity, associativity, and the Robbins axiom !(!(x v y) v !(x v ...

Set theory is the mathematical theory of sets. Set theory is closely associated with the branch of mathematics known as logic. There are a number of different versions of set ...

Given the statement "if P, then Q," or P=>Q, the converse is "if Q, then P." For example, the converse of "If a thing is a dog then it is a mammal" is "If a thing is a mammal ...

Let G be a planar graph whose vertices have been properly colored and suppose v in V(G) is colored C_1. Define the C_1C_2-Kempe chain containing v to be the maximal connected ...

Sudoku (literally, "single number"), sometimes also is a pencil-and-paper logic puzzle whose goal is to complete a grid satisfying various constraints. In the "classic" ...

Let D be a subset of the nonnegative integers Z^* with the properties that (1) the integer 0 is in D and (2) any time that the interval [0,n] is contained in D, one can show ...

Let D be a subset of the nonnegative integers Z^* with the properties that (1) the integer 0 is in D and (2) any time that n is in D, one can show that n+1 is also in D. ...