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The study of the meaning and relationships of statements used to represent precise mathematical ideas. Symbolic logic is also called formal logic.

The definite integral int_a^bx^ndx={(b^(n+1)-a^(n+1))/(n+1) for n!=1; ln(b/a) for n=-1, (1) where a, b, and x are real numbers and lnx is the natural logarithm.

The United States Department of Commerce recommends that the notation lbx be used to refer to the binary logarithm log_2x (Taylor 1995, p. 33). However, this practice is not ...

The simple first-order difference equation y_(t+1)-Ay_t=B, (1) where A = -(m_s)/(m_d) (2) B = (b_d-b_s)/(m_d) (3) and D_t = -m_dp_t+b_d (4) S_(t+1) = m_sp_t+b_s (5) are the ...

A cryptarithmetic in which the letters used to represent distinct digits are derived from related words or meaningful phrases. The term was coined by Hunter in 1955 (Madachy ...

A symbol used to represent a Boolean statement in logic that can take the value either true or false. All statement letters are statements forms (Mendelson 1997, p. 13).

The Heisenberg group H^n in n complex variables is the group of all (z,t) with z in C^n and t in R having multiplication (w,t)(z,t^')=(w+z,t+t^'+I[w^*z]) (1) where w^* is the ...

Down arrow notation is an inverse of the Knuth up-arrow notation defined by evn = lnn (1) evvn = ln^*n (2) evvvn = ln^(**)n, (3) where ln^*n is the number of times the ...

The symbol ldx is occasionally used in German literature to refer to the binary logarithm. However, the United States Department of Commerce recommends that the notation lbx ...

The transform inverting the sequence g(n)=sum_(d|n)f(d) (1) into f(n)=sum_(d|n)mu(d)g(n/d), (2) where the sums are over all possible integers d that divide n and mu(d) is the ...