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A unit circle is a circle of unit radius, i.e., of radius 1. The unit circle plays a significant role in a number of different areas of mathematics. For example, the ...

A mathematical procedure for finding the best-fitting curve to a given set of points by minimizing the sum of the squares of the offsets ("the residuals") of the points from ...

An almost unit is a nonunit in the integral domain of formal power series with a nonzero first coefficient, P=a_1x+a_2x^2+..., where a_1!=0. Under the operation of ...

The apodization function A(x)=(1-(x^2)/(a^2))^2. Its full width at half maximum is sqrt(4-2sqrt(2))a. Its instrument function is ...

The apodization function A(x)=cos((pix)/(2a)). Its full width at half maximum is 4a/3. Its instrument function is I(k)=(4acos(2piak))/(pi(1-16a^2k^2)), which has a maximum of ...

Let f*g denote the cross-correlation of functions f(t) and g(t). Then f*g = int_(-infty)^inftyf^_(tau)g(t+tau)dtau (1) = ...

Given a Jacobi amplitude phi and a elliptic modulus m in an elliptic integral, Delta(phi)=sqrt(1-msin^2phi).

Differential calculus is that portion of "the" calculus dealing with derivatives. Among his many other talents, Major General Stanley in Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta the ...

The computation of a derivative.

Any pair of equations giving the real part of a function as an integral of its imaginary part and the imaginary part as an integral of its real part. Dispersion relationships ...