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Determination of whether predicate P(x_1,...,x_n) is true or false for any given values of x_1, ..., x_n is called its decision problem. The decision problem for predicate ...

A secant line, also simply called a secant, is a line passing through two points of a curve. As the two points are brought together (or, more precisely, as one is brought ...

A piecewise polynomial function that can have a locally very simple form, yet at the same time be globally flexible and smooth. Splines are very useful for modeling arbitrary ...

A transformation T (a.k.a., map, function) over a domain D takes the elements X in D to elements Y in T(D), where the range (a.k.a., image) of T is defined as ...

Let pi_(m,n)(x) denote the number of primes <=x which are congruent to n modulo m (i.e., the modular prime counting function). Then one might expect that ...

The contact angle between a sphere and a tangent plane is the angle alpha between the normal to the sphere at the point of tangency and the basal plane with respect to which ...

The identric mean is defined by I(a,b)=1/e((b^b)/(a^a))^(1/(b-a)) for a>0, b>0, and a!=b. The identric mean has been investigated intensively and many remarkable inequalities ...

A transformation x^'=Ax is unimodular if the determinant of the matrix A satisfies det(A)=+/-1. A necessary and sufficient condition that a linear transformation transform a ...

The quintic equation x^5+ax^3+1/5a^2x+b=0 (1) is sometimes known as de Moivre's quintic (Spearman and Williams 1994). It has solutions x_j=omega^ju_1+omega^(4j)u_2 (2) for ...

The largest value of a set, function, etc. The maximum value of a set of elements A={a_i}_(i=1)^N is denoted maxA or max_(i)a_i, and is equal to the last element of a sorted ...