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The term "snark" was first popularized by Gardner (1976) as a class of minimal cubic graphs with edge chromatic number 4 and certain connectivity requirements. (By Vizing's ...

The complex numbers are the field C of numbers of the form x+iy, where x and y are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit equal to the square root of -1, sqrt(-1). When a ...

Let A be any algebra over a field F, and define a derivation of A as a linear operator D on A satisfying (xy)D=(xD)y+x(yD) for all x,y in A. Then the set D(A) of all ...

A limiting case in which a class of object changes its nature so as to belong to another, usually simpler, class. For example, the point is a degenerate case of the circle as ...

When two cycles have a transversal intersection X_1 intersection X_2=Y on a smooth manifold M, then Y is a cycle. Moreover, the homology class that Y represents depends only ...

An asymmetric matrix is a square matrix that is not symmetric, i.e., a matrix A such that A^(T)!=A, where A^(T) denotes the transpose. An asymmetric matrix therefore ...

The envelope of the lines connecting corresponding points on the Jacobian curve and Steinerian curve. The Cayleyian curve of a net of curves of order n has the same curve ...

The class m, curve order n, number of ordinary double points delta, number of cusps kappa, number of inflection points (inflection points) iota, number of bitangents tau, and ...

A linear algebraic group is a matrix group that is also an affine variety. In particular, its elements satisfy polynomial equations. The group operations are required to be ...

A subset B of a vector space E is said to be absorbing if for any x in E, there exists a scalar lambda>0 such that x in muB for all mu in F with |mu|>=lambda, where F is the ...