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Elliptic geometry is a non-Euclidean geometry with positive curvature which replaces the parallel postulate with the statement "through any point in the plane, there exist no ...

An epsilon-delta definition is a mathematical definition in which a statement on a real function of one variable f having, for example, the form "for all neighborhoods U of ...

An equivalence relation on a set X is a subset of X×X, i.e., a collection R of ordered pairs of elements of X, satisfying certain properties. Write "xRy" to mean (x,y) is an ...

A method for solving ordinary differential equations using the formula y_(n+1)=y_n+hf(x_n,y_n), which advances a solution from x_n to x_(n+1)=x_n+h. Note that the method ...

A extension ring (or ring extension) of a ring R is any ring S of which R is a subring. For example, the field of rational numbers Q and the ring of Gaussian integers Z[i] ...

A Pascal's triangle written in a square grid and padded with zeros, as written by Jakob Bernoulli (Smith 1984). The figurate number triangle therefore has entries a_(ij)=(i; ...

The finite group C_2×C_6 is the finite group of order 12 that is the group direct product of the cyclic group C2 and cyclic group C6. It is one of the two Abelian groups of ...

Four line geometry is a finite geometry subject to the following three axioms: 1. there exist exactly four lines, 2. any two distinct lines have exactly one point of on both ...

A function f is Fréchet differentiable at a if lim_(x->a)(f(x)-f(a))/(x-a) exists. This is equivalent to the statement that phi has a removable discontinuity at a, where ...

A group action G×X->X is called free if, for all x in X, gx=x implies g=I (i.e., only the identity element fixes any x). In other words, G×X->X is free if the map G×X->X×X ...