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Let the nth composition of a function f(x) be denoted f^((n))(x), such that f^((0))(x)=x and f^((1))(x)=f(x). Denote the composition of f and g by f degreesg(x)=f(g(x)), and ...

If a function phi:(0,infty)->(0,infty) satisfies 1. ln[phi(x)] is convex, 2. phi(x+1)=xphi(x) for all x>0, and 3. phi(1)=1, then phi(x) is the gamma function Gamma(x). ...

The quartic with implicit equation x^4=x^2y-y^3. (1) The bow has vertical tangents at (+/-2/9sqrt(3),2/9) and horizontal tangents at (+/-1/4sqrt(2),1/4). Its curvature is ...

A quartic curve with implicit equation (a^2)/(x^2)-(b^2)/(y^2)=1 (1) or a^2y^2-b^2x^2=x^2y^2 (2) and a,b>0. In parametric form, x = +/-acost (3) y = bcott. (4) The curvature ...

A representation of a C^*-algebra A is a pair (H,phi) where H is a Hilbert space and phi:A->B(H) is a *-homomorphism. (H,phi) is said to be faithful if phi is injective. For ...

A quartic curve that resembles the symbol for the zodiacal sign Capricorn given by the implicit equation a^2x^2(x^2+y^2)-b(ay-x^2-y^2)^2=0, where a>0, b>a^2. The curve ...

For the cardioid given parametrically as x = a(1+cost)cost (1) y = a(1+cost)sint, (2) the negative pedal curve with respect to the pedal point (x_0,y_0)=(0,0) is the circle ...

A Cartesian curve is a curve specified in Cartesian coordinates. The term "Cartesian curve" is sometimes also used to refer to the Cartesian ovals.

If P(x) is an irreducible cubic polynomial all of whose roots are real, then to obtain them by radicals, you must take roots of nonreal numbers at some point.

The conjecture made by Belgian mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan in 1844 that 8 and 9 (2^3 and 3^2) are the only consecutive powers (excluding 0 and 1). In other words, ...