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An element of order 2 in a group (i.e., an element A of a group such that A^2=I, where I is the identity element).

An operator of period 2, i.e., an operator * which satisfies ((a)^*)^*=a.

A type of statistic which can be useful for determining asymmetry and tailedness of a population.

The orthogonal decomposition of a matrix into lower trapezoidal matrices.

Also known as the alternating series test. Given a series sum_(n=1)^infty(-1)^(n+1)a_n with a_n>0, if a_n is monotonic decreasing as n->infty and lim_(n->infty)a_n=0, then ...

n sets of s trials each, with the probability of success p constant in each set. var(x/n)=spq+s(s-1)sigma_p^2, where sigma_p^2 is the variance of p_i.

The standard Lorentzian inner product on R^4 is given by -dx_0^2+dx_1^2+dx_2^2+dx_3^2, (1) i.e., for vectors v=(v_0,v_1,v_2,v_3) and w=(w_0,w_1,w_2,w_3), ...

A specific prescription for carrying out a task or solving a problem. Also called an algorithm, method, or technique

The resolution principle, due to Robinson (1965), is a method of theorem proving that proceeds by constructing refutation proofs, i.e., proofs by contradiction. This method ...

The relationship x succeeds (or follows) y is written x≻y. The relation x succeeds or is equal to y is written x>=y.