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The Cartesian product of two sets A and B (also called the product set, set direct product, or cross product) is defined to be the set of all points (a,b) where a in A and b ...

A cylindrical projection of points on a unit sphere centered at O consists of extending the line OS for each point S until it intersects a cylinder tangent to the sphere at ...

The circumcircle of the Fuhrmann triangle. It has the line HNa, where H is the orthocenter and Na is the Nagel point, as its diameter. In fact, these points (Kimberling ...

Two mathematical objects are said to be homotopic if one can be continuously deformed into the other. For example, the real line is homotopic to a single point, as is any ...

A non-Euclidean geometry, also called Lobachevsky-Bolyai-Gauss geometry, having constant sectional curvature -1. This geometry satisfies all of Euclid's postulates except the ...

Given a function f(x), its inverse f^(-1)(x) is defined by f(f^(-1)(x))=f^(-1)(f(x))=x. (1) Therefore, f(x) and f^(-1)(x) are reflections about the line y=x. In the Wolfram ...

An algorithm for finding the nearest local minimum of a function which presupposes that the gradient of the function can be computed. The method of steepest descent, also ...

The topology on the Cartesian product X×Y of two topological spaces whose open sets are the unions of subsets A×B, where A and B are open subsets of X and Y, respectively. ...

There are at least two distinct notions of when a point process is stationary. The most commonly utilized terminology is as follows: Intuitively, a point process X defined on ...

An axiomatic system is said to be categorical if there is only one essentially distinct representation for it. In particular, the names and types of objects within the system ...