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There are several definitions of a ray. When viewed as a vector, a ray is a vector AB^-> from a point A to a point B. In geometry, a ray is usually taken as a half-infinite ...

The ABC (atom-bond connectivity) energy of a graph is defined as the graph energy of its ABC matrix, i.e., the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its ABC matrix.

The Euler infinity point is the intersection of the Euler line and line at infinity. Since it lies on the line at infinity, it is a point at infinity. It has triangle center ...

The terminal side of an angle theta drawn in angle standard position is the side which isn't the initial side. When viewing an angle as the amount of rotation about the ...

Given n points, find the line segments with the shortest possible total length which connect the points. The segments need not necessarily be straight from one point to ...

A cycle double cover of an undirected graph is a collection of cycles that cover each edge of the graph exactly twice. For a polyhedral graph, the faces of a corresponding ...

Let G be a finite, connected, undirected graph with graph diameter d(G) and graph distance d(u,v) between vertices u and v. A radio labeling of a graph G is labeling using ...

A circular embedding is a graph embedding in which all graph vertices lie on a common circle, usually arranged so they are equally spaced around the circumference. Specific ...

An ordered pair representation is a representation of a directed graph in which edges are specified as ordered pairs or vertex indices. The ordered pairs representation of a ...

The adjacency list representation of a graph consists of n lists one for each vertex v_i, 1<=i<=n, which gives the vertices to which v_i is adjacent. The adjacency lists of a ...