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An archaic name for the torus.

The vertex of an isosceles triangle having angle different from the two equal angles is called the apex of the isosceles triangle. The common polygon vertex at the top of a ...

Given a set of objects S, a binary relation is a subset of the Cartesian product S tensor S.

For a curve with first fundamental form ds^2=Edu^2+2Fdudv+Gdv^2, (1) the Gaussian curvature is K=(M_1-M_2)/((EG-F^2)^2), (2) where M_1 = |-1/2E_(vv)+F_(uv)-1/2G_(uu) 1/2E_u ...

The 6-polyiamond illustrated above.

A figurate number in which layers of polygons are drawn centered about a point instead of with the point at a polygon vertex.

An arrangement of overlapping circles which cover the entire plane. A lower bound for a covering using equivalent circles is 2pi/sqrt(27) (Williams 1979, p. 51).

While some authors define "circumference" as distance around an arbitrary closed object (sometimes restricted to a closed curved object), in the work, the term "perimeter" is ...

A set of class representatives is a subset of X which contains exactly one element from each equivalence class.

A linear operator A:D(A)->H from its domain D(A) into a Hilbert space H is closed if for any sequence of vectors v_n in D(A) such that v_n->v and Av_n->x as n->infty, it ...