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Find consecutive powers, i.e., solutions to x^p-y^q=+/-1, excluding 0 and 1. Catalan's conjecture states that the only solution is 3^2-2^3=1, so 8 and 9 (2^3 and 3^2) are the ...

A change of basis is the transformation of coordinate-based vector and operator representations in a given vector space from one vector basis representation to another.

A change of coordinates matrix, also called a transition matrix, specifies the transformation from one vector basis to another under a change of basis. For example, if ...

The radial curve of a unit circle from a radial point (x,y) and parametric equations x = cost (1) y = sint (2) is another circle with parametric equations x_r = x-cost (3) ...

A derivative of a complex function, which must satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations in order to be complex differentiable.

The conical spiral with angular frequency a on a cone of height h and radius r is a space curve given by the parametric equations x = (h-z)/hrcos(az) (1) y = (h-z)/hrsin(az) ...

For a simple continued fraction x=[a_0,a_1,...] with convergents p_n/q_n, the fundamental recurrence relation is given by p_nq_(n-1)-p_(n-1)q_n=(-1)^(n+1).

Consider the family of ellipses (x^2)/(c^2)+(y^2)/((1-c)^2)-1=0 (1) for c in [0,1]. The partial derivative with respect to c is -(2x^2)/(c^3)+(2y^2)/((1-c)^3)=0 (2) ...

The only whole number solution to the Diophantine equation y^3=x^2+2 is y=3, x=+/-5. This theorem was offered as a problem by Fermat, who suppressed his own proof.

The Diophantine equation x^n+y^n=z^n. The assertion that this equation has no nontrivial solutions for n>2 has a long and fascinating history and is known as Fermat's last ...