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Salem constants, sometimes also called Salem numbers, are a set of numbers of which each point of a Pisot number is a limit point from both sides (Salem 1945). The Salem ...

Just as many interesting integer sequences can be defined and their properties studied, it is often of interest to additionally determine which of their elements are prime. ...

There are several commonly used methods of defining the slippery, but extremely important, concept of a continuous function (which, depending on context, may also be called a ...

If F(x) is a probability distribution with zero mean and rho=int_(-infty)^infty|x|^3dF(x)<infty, (1) where the above integral is a stieltjes integral, then for all x and n, ...

If X and Y are independent variates and X+Y is a normal distribution, then both X and Y must have normal distributions. This was proved by Cramér in 1936.

Let A be a sum of squares of n independent normal standardized variates X_i, and suppose A=B+C where B is a quadratic form in the x_i, distributed as chi-squared with h ...

Let r be the correlation coefficient. Then defining z^'=tanh^(-1)r (1) zeta=tanh^(-1)rho, (2) gives sigma_(z^') = (N-3)^(-1/2) (3) var(z^') = 1/n+(4-rho^2)/(2n^2)+... (4) ...

A topological space X has a one-point compactification if and only if it is locally compact. To see a part of this, assume Y is compact, y in Y, X=Y\{y} and x in X. Let C be ...

Let {y^k} be a set of orthonormal vectors with k=1, 2, ..., K, such that the inner product (y^k,y^k)=1. Then set x=sum_(k=1)^Ku_ky^k (1) so that for any square matrix A for ...

A power series sum^(infty)c_kx^k will converge only for certain values of x. For instance, sum_(k=0)^(infty)x^k converges for -1<x<1. In general, there is always an interval ...