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A knot used to join the ends of two ropes together to form a longer length.

The difference of two complex numbers z=x+iy and z^'=x^'+iy^' is given by z-z^'=(x-x^')+i(y-y^'). In component form, (x,y)-(x^',y^')=(x-x^',y-y^').

An equation of the form y=ax^3+bx^2+cx+d where only one root is real.

A plane curve of the form y=x^n. For n>0, the curve is a generalized parabola; for n<0 it is a generalized hyperbola.

Let (X,A,mu) and (Y,B,nu) be measure spaces. A measurable rectangle is a set of the form A×B for A in A and B in B.

Given a Farey sequence with consecutive terms h/k and h^'/k^', then the mediant is defined as the reduced form of the fraction (h+h^')/(k+k^').

An extension of an arbitrary field F of the form F(sqrt(1+lambda^2)), where lambda in F.

A cross also called the tau cross or crux commissa, illustrated schematically above in polyomino form.

The conical spiral with angular frequency a on a cone of height h and radius r is a space curve given by the parametric equations x = (h-z)/hrcos(az) (1) y = (h-z)/hrsin(az) ...

An interior point method is a linear or nonlinear programming method (Forsgren et al. 2002) that achieves optimization by going through the middle of the solid defined by the ...