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A number h which satisfies the conditions of the congruum problem: x^2+h=a^2 and x^2-h=b^2, where x,h,a,b are integers. The list of congrua is given by 24, 96, 120, 240, 336, ...

The usual type of vector, which can be viewed as a contravariant tensor ("ket") of tensor rank 1. Contravariant vectors are dual to one-forms ("bras," a.k.a. covariant ...

The mathematical study of how to manipulate the parameters affecting the behavior of a system to produce the desired or optimal outcome.

The cosine function cosx is one of the basic functions encountered in trigonometry (the others being the cosecant, cotangent, secant, sine, and tangent). Let theta be an ...

There are three types of cubic lattices corresponding to three types of cubic close packing, as summarized in the following table. Now that the Kepler conjecture has been ...

The 10_3 configuration of ten lines intersecting three at a time in 10 points which arises in Desargues' theorem. Its Levi graph is the Desargues graph.

The term used by Hunter and Madachy (1975, p. 24) and Madachy (1979, p. 87) to refer to a panmagic square.

A piecewise regular function that 1. Has a finite number of finite discontinuities and 2. Has a finite number of extrema can be expanded in a Fourier series which converges ...

A number which can be specified implicitly or explicitly by exponential, logarithmic, and algebraic operations.

The general ellipsoid, also called a triaxial ellipsoid, is a quadratic surface which is given in Cartesian coordinates by (x^2)/(a^2)+(y^2)/(b^2)+(z^2)/(c^2)=1, (1) where ...