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The circle method is a method employed by Hardy, Ramanujan, and Littlewood to solve many asymptotic problems in additive number theory, particularly in deriving an asymptotic ...

A Gaussian quadrature-like formula for numerical estimation of integrals. It requires m+1 points and fits all polynomials to degree 2m, so it effectively fits exactly all ...

A quadrilateral which has an incircle, i.e., one for which a single circle can be constructed which is tangent to all four sides. Opposite sides of such a quadrilateral ...

Gaussian curvature, sometimes also called total curvature (Kreyszig 1991, p. 131), is an intrinsic property of a space independent of the coordinate system used to describe ...

In a given acute triangle DeltaABC, locate a point whose distances from A, B, and C have the smallest possible sum. The solution is the point from which each side subtends an ...

An asymptotic direction at a point p of a regular surface M in R^3 is a direction in which the normal curvature of M vanishes. 1. There are no asymptotic directions at an ...

pi may be computed using a number of iterative algorithms. The best known such algorithms are the Archimedes algorithm, which was derived by Pfaff in 1800, and the ...

Let the values of a function f(x) be tabulated at points x_i equally spaced by h=x_(i+1)-x_i, so f_1=f(x_1), f_2=f(x_2), ..., f_7=f(x_7). Then Hardy's rule approximating the ...

Let I be a set, and let U be an ultrafilter on I, let phi be a formula of a given language L, and let {A_i:i in I} be any collection of structures which is indexed by the set ...

There are at least two meanings of the term "total derivative" in mathematics. The first is as an alternate term for the convective derivative. The total derivative is the ...