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The "kurtosis excess" (Kenney and Keeping 1951, p. 27) is defined in terms of the usual kurtosis by gamma_2 = beta_2-3 (1) = (mu_4)/(mu_2^2)-3. (2) It is commonly denoted ...

A lattice reduction algorithm, named after discoverers Lenstra, Lenstra, and Lovasz (1982), that produces a lattice basis of "short" vectors. It was noticed by Lenstra et al. ...

The Lerch transcendent is generalization of the Hurwitz zeta function and polylogarithm function. Many sums of reciprocal powers can be expressed in terms of it. It is ...

The limaçon is a polar curve of the form r=b+acostheta (1) also called the limaçon of Pascal. It was first investigated by Dürer, who gave a method for drawing it in ...

Liouville's constant, sometimes also called Liouville's number, is the real number defined by L=sum_(n=1)^infty10^(-n!)=0.110001000000000000000001... (OEIS A012245). ...

Roughly speaking, a tangent vector is an infinitesimal displacement at a specific point on a manifold. The set of tangent vectors at a point P forms a vector space called the ...

A function that arises in performance analysis of partially coherent, differentially coherent, and noncoherent communications. The generalized Marcum Q-function is defined by ...

Circumscribe a triangle about a circle, another circle around the triangle, a square outside the circle, another circle outside the square, and so on. The circumradius and ...

The set R union {infty}, obtained by adjoining one improper element to the set R of real numbers, is the set of projectively extended real numbers. Although notation is not ...

The word quadrature has (at least) three incompatible meanings. Integration by quadrature either means solving an integral analytically (i.e., symbolically in terms of known ...