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If there is an integer 0<x<p such that x^2=q (mod p), (1) i.e., the congruence (1) has a solution, then q is said to be a quadratic residue (mod p). Note that the trivial ...

A groupoid S such that for all a,b in S, there exist unique x,y in S such that ax = b (1) ya = b. (2) No other restrictions are applied; thus a quasigroup need not have an ...

Any set of n+2 points in R^n can always be partitioned in two subsets V_1 and V_2 such that the convex hulls of V_1 and V_2 intersect.

The sum c_q(m)=sum_(h^*(q))e^(2piihm/q), (1) where h runs through the residues relatively prime to q, which is important in the representation of numbers by the sums of ...

Given the generating functions defined by (1+53x+9x^2)/(1-82x-82x^2+x^3) = sum_(n=1)^(infty)a_nx^n (1) (2-26x-12x^2)/(1-82x-82x^2+x^3) = sum_(n=0)^(infty)b_nx^n (2) ...

The regular octagon is the regular polygon with eight sides, as illustrated above. The inradius r, circumradius R, and area A of the regular octagon can be computed directly ...

A usually simple algorithm or identity. The term is frequently applied to specific orders of Newton-Cotes formulas. The designation "rule n" is also given to the nth ...

One of the set of symbols C_i, C_s, C_1, C_2, C_3, C_4, C_5, C_6, C_7, C_8, C_(2h), C_(3h), C_(4h), C_(5h), C_(6h), C_(2v), C_(3v), C_(4v), C_(5v), C_(6v), C_(inftyv), D_2, ...

Regular tessellations of the plane by two or more convex regular polygons such that the same polygons in the same order surround each polygon vertex are called semiregular ...

The set difference A\B is defined by A\B={x:x in A and x not in B}. Here, the backslash symbol is defined as Unicode U+2216. The set difference is therefore equivalent to the ...