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A function f(x) is completely convex in an open interval (a,b) if it has derivatives of all orders there and if (-1)^kf^((2k))(x)>=0 for k=0, 1, 2, ... in that interval ...

The cotangent bundle of a manifold is similar to the tangent bundle, except that it is the set (x,f) where x in M and f is a dual vector in the tangent space to x in M. The ...

The envelope of refracted rays for a given curve.

A generalization by Kronecker of Kummer's theory of prime ideal factors. A divisor on a full subcategory C of mod(A) is an additive mapping chi on C with values in a ...

Given an antisymmetric second tensor rank tensor C_(ij), a dual pseudotensor C_i is defined by C_i=1/2epsilon_(ijk)C_(jk), (1) where C_i = [C_(23); C_(31); C_(12)] (2) C_(jk) ...

A curve in two dimensions on which the value of a function f(x,y) is a constant. Other synonymous terms are isarithm, isopleth, and contour line. A plot of several ...

The functional derivative is a generalization of the usual derivative that arises in the calculus of variations. In a functional derivative, instead of differentiating a ...

Consider two closed oriented space curves f_1:C_1->R^3 and f_2:C_2->R^3, where C_1 and C_2 are distinct circles, f_1 and f_2 are differentiable C^1 functions, and f_1(C_1) ...

A necessary and sufficient condition that there should exist at least one nondecreasing function alpha(t) such that mu_n=int_(-infty)^inftyt^ndalpha(t) for n=0, 1, 2, ..., ...

A pyramidal number of the form n(n+1)(5n-2)/6, The first few are 1, 8, 26, 60, 115, ... (OEIS A002413). The generating function for the heptagonal pyramidal numbers is ...