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Given A = |a_(11)-x a_(12) ... a_(1m); a_(21) a_(22)-x ... a_(2m); | | ... |; a_(m1) a_(m2) ... a_(mm)-x| (1) = x^m+c_(m-1)x^(m-1)+...+c_0, (2) then ...

The characteristic equation is the equation which is solved to find a matrix's eigenvalues, also called the characteristic polynomial. For a general k×k matrix A, the ...

A characteristic factor is a factor in a particular factorization of the totient function phi(n) such that the product of characteristic factors gives the representation of a ...

The constants lambda_(m,n)=inf_(r in R_(m,n))sup_(x>=0)|e^(-x)-r(x)|, where r(x)=(p(x))/(q(x)), p and q are mth and nth order polynomials, and R_(m,n) is the set of all ...

The circle method is a method employed by Hardy, Ramanujan, and Littlewood to solve many asymptotic problems in additive number theory, particularly in deriving an asymptotic ...

Clairaut's difference equation is a special case of Lagrange's equation (Sokolnikoff and Redheffer 1958) defined by u_k=kDeltau_k+F(Deltau_k), (1) or in "x notation," ...

A prime number obtained by reading digits around an analog clock. In a clockwise direction, the primes are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 23, 67, 89, 4567, 23456789, 23456789101112123, ... ...

There are several equivalent definitions of a closed set. Let S be a subset of a metric space. A set S is closed if 1. The complement of S is an open set, 2. S is its own set ...

A coloring of plane regions, link segments, etc., is an assignment of a distinct labeling (which could be a number, letter, color, etc.) to each component. Coloring problems ...

A subset S of a topological space X is compact if for every open cover of S there exists a finite subcover of S.