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A number puzzle in which a group of arithmetical operations has some or all of its digits replaced by letters or symbols, and where the original digits must be found. In such ...

Given a spheroid with equatorial radius a and polar radius c, the ellipticity is defined by e={sqrt((a^2-c^2)/(a^2)) c<a (oblate spheroid); sqrt((c^2-a^2)/(c^2)) c>a (prolate ...

Schroeder (1991) calls the ceiling function symbols [ and ] the "gallows" because of their similarity in appearance to the structure used for hangings.

If x is a regular patch on a regular surface in R^3 with normal N^^, then x_(uu) = Gamma_(11)^1x_u+Gamma_(11)^2x_v+eN^^ (1) x_(uv) = Gamma_(12)^1x_u+Gamma_(12)^2x_v+fN^^ (2) ...

For a unit speed curve on a surface, the length of the surface-tangential component of acceleration is the geodesic curvature kappa_g. Curves with kappa_g=0 are called ...

A quantity a is said to be greater than b if a is larger than b, written a>b. If a is greater than or equal to b, the relationship is written a>=b. In the Wolfram Language, ...

When applied to a system possessing a length R at which solutions in a variable r change character (such as the gravitational field of a sphere as r runs from the interior to ...

Consider a clause (disjunction of literals) obtained from those of a first-order logic formula Phi in Skolemized form forall x_1... forall x_nS. Then an atomic statement ...

The set of all ground atoms that can be formed from predicate symbols from a clause in Skolemized form S and terms from the Herbrand universe H of S.

A quantity a is said to be less than b if a is smaller than b, written a<b. If a is less than or equal to b, the relationship is written a<=b. In the Wolfram Language, this ...