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Determinants are mathematical objects that are very useful in the analysis and solution of systems of linear equations. As shown by Cramer's rule, a nonhomogeneous system of ...

The (upper) vertex independence number of a graph, often called simply "the" independence number, is the cardinality of the largest independent vertex set, i.e., the size of ...

Zero is the integer denoted 0 that, when used as a counting number, means that no objects are present. It is the only integer (and, in fact, the only real number) that is ...

Specifying two adjacent side lengths a and c of a triangle (with a<c) and one acute angle A opposite a does not, in general, uniquely determine a triangle. If sinA<a/c, there ...

An Abelian semigroup is a set whose elements are related by a binary operation (such as addition, rotation, etc.) that is closed, associative, and commutative. A mathematical ...

The absolute square of a complex number z, also known as the squared norm, is defined as |z|^2=zz^_, (1) where z^_ denotes the complex conjugate of z and |z| is the complex ...

Actuarial science is the study of risk through the use of mathematics, probability, and statistics. A person who performs risk assessment is known as an actuary. Actuaries ...

The integer sequence 1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 4, 3, 5, 4, 7, 5, 8, 7, 10, 8, 12, 10, 14, 12, 16, 14, 19, 16, 21, 19, ... (OEIS A005044) given by the coefficients of the ...

Algebraic number theory is the branch of number theory that deals with algebraic numbers. Historically, algebraic number theory developed as a set of tools for solving ...

The algebraic unknotting number of a knot K in S^3 is defined as the algebraic unknotting number of the S-equivalence class of a Seifert matrix of K. The algebraic unknotting ...