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A cipher is an algorithm that converts data (plaintext) to an obfuscated form that is not directly readable. Ciphers are usually used with the intention of hiding the ...

In the figure above with tangent line PT and secant line PA, (PA)/(PT)=(PT)/(PB) (1) (Jurgensen et al. 1963, p. 346). The line tangent to a circle of radius a centered at ...

Let P be the principal (initial investment), r be the annual compounded rate, i^((n)) the "nominal rate," n be the number of times interest is compounded per year (i.e., the ...

A constructive proof is a proof that directly provides a specific example, or which gives an algorithm for producing an example. Constructive proofs are also called ...

Any set which can be put in a one-to-one correspondence with the natural numbers (or integers) so that a prescription can be given for identifying its members one at a time ...

A condition in numerical equation solving which states that, given a space discretization, a time step bigger than some computable quantity should not be taken. The condition ...

A sophisticated checksum (often abbreviated CRC), which is based on the algebra of polynomials over the integers (mod 2). It is substantially more reliable in detecting ...

A differential equation is an equation that involves the derivatives of a function as well as the function itself. If partial derivatives are involved, the equation is called ...

Direct search factorization is the simplest (and most simple-minded) prime factorization algorithm. It consists of searching for factors of a number by systematically ...

In mathematics, a small positive infinitesimal quantity, usually denoted epsilon or epsilon, whose limit is usually taken as epsilon->0. The late mathematician P. Erdős also ...