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A number puzzle in which a group of arithmetical operations has some or all of its digits replaced by letters or symbols, and where the original digits must be found. In such ...

A type I move (conjugation) takes AB->BA for A, B in B_n where B_n is a braid group. A type II move (stabilization) takes A->Ab_n or A->Ab_n^(-1) for A in B_n, and b_n, Ab_n, ...

An Abelian variety is an algebraic group which is a complete algebraic variety. An Abelian variety of dimension 1 is an elliptic curve.

If the first case of Fermat's last theorem is false for the prime exponent p, then 3^(p-1)=1 (mod p^2).

A specific type of ultraproduct that can be used to construct nonstandard universes and obtain the transfer principle as a corollary of Łoś' theorem for ultraproducts.

If x_0 is an ordinary point of the ordinary differential equation, expand y in a Taylor series about x_0. Commonly, the expansion point can be taken as x_0=0, resulting in ...

The Kittell graph is a planar graph on 23 nodes and 63 edges that tangles the Kempe chains in Kempe's algorithm and thus provides an example of how Kempe's supposed proof of ...

The set of all zero-systems of a group G is denoted B(G) and is called the block monoid of G since it forms a commutative monoid under the operation of zero-system addition ...

The turning of an object or coordinate system by an angle about a fixed point. A rotation is an orientation-preserving orthogonal transformation. Euler's rotation theorem ...

The theory of analyzing a decision between a collection of alternatives made by a collection of n voters with separate opinions. Any choice for the entire group should ...